What does 'truth' refer to in the context of scientific understanding?

In the context of scientific understanding, 'truth' refers to anything that is not false. This means that scientific truths are statements or concepts that align with observable phenomena and have been tested through rigorous experimentation and data collection. The scientific method is fundamental in helping to establish truths, as it involves making observations, forming hypotheses, conducting experiments, and drawing conclusions based on the evidence gathered. When a statement or theory is consistent with repeated observations and cannot be disproven, it is regarded as a truth within the realm of science.

The other options do not accurately reflect the nature of scientific truth. A disproved theory does not represent truth; rather, it represents a past understanding that has been corrected. The concept of something being provable as false is more aligned with falsifiability, a key principle in science that helps scientists test the validity of claims, but it doesn't define truth itself. Additionally, while consensus among scientists can help validate an idea, truth in science ultimately relies on empirical evidence rather than mere agreement. Thus, anything that is established not to be false aligns most closely with the concept of 'truth' in scientific discourse.