Which process involves leading from specific facts to general conclusions?

The process of leading from specific facts to general conclusions is known as inductive reasoning. This method involves taking particular observations and using them to formulate broader generalizations or theories. For instance, if a researcher observes that the sun rises in the east every day, they might generalize that the sun always rises in the east based on this repeated observation.

In contrast, deductive reasoning refers to deriving specific conclusions from general principles or premises. While observation and experimental design are crucial methods in scientific inquiry, they do not specifically describe the act of drawing generalized conclusions from specific instances. Inductive reasoning is central to many scientific discoveries, as it allows scientists to develop hypotheses and theories based on observed patterns in data.